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A Guide to Proper Legal Citation Using the Bluebook (18th ed.)

Purpose of this guide:
The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Eighteenth Edition (commonly referred to simply as "The Bluebook") is the definitive style manual for legal documents and legal academic publishing in the United States. It is intended to provide a system of rules for legal citations, so that readers can locate the source that is cited.

The purpose of this guide is to help you with some of the most frequently used forms of legal citation, following the 18th edition of the Bluebook. It is intended as a supplement, not a replacement for the Bluebook, breaking down the components of each type of citation and providing examples. For further help, see the index to the Bluebook. The page numbers indicated in blue are those where examples are provided in the Bluebook itself. You may also want to read through the Bluepages at the beginning of the Bluebook, which are new to the 18th edition.

Reading the Bluebook:
At first glance, the Bluebook seems to distinguish between citation form for law reviews and citation form for court documents. The inside front cover includes examples of formats for the former, while the inside back cover includes examples of the latter. Rule 2 (p. 54) describes these as typeface conventions, which specify whether an element is to be underlind, italicized or placed in small capital letters. The basic structure of the citation formats does not change, however.

In the examples below, the conventions for court documents and legal memoranda are used. Review the typeface convention rules for the type of document you are creating.

Keep in mind: A proper Bluebook citation should do two things:

  • Identify the source
  • Describe the authority

Case Law citations
Rule 10 (p. 79)
4 elements for long form citation:

  • Party Names
    • Abbreviate words in party names according to Table T.6 (p. 335) - R. 10.2.2
    • Always abbreviate any word listed in Table T.6 (R. 10.2.2)
    • Abbreviate states, countries, and other geographical units unless it is the entire name of the party (e.g. the State of Tennessee) - Table T.10 (p. 342)
  • Provide citation to at least one reporter:
    • Include volume number, reporter name (abbreviated), page number the case is on, and citation for the page where your material is cited
  • Provide court, if not apparent from reporter (Table T.7)
  • Date decided


updated 10/06